2. Viral Skin Infections

This second chapter on sports-related skin infections summarizes the aspects of viral diseases as they pertain to athletes. Technically smallpox has been eradicated from the world, so the case of smallpox in a boxer in 1948 is not discussed in detail but is mentioned here for historical perspective. A Norwegian boxer developed the pustular eruption of smallpox on his head, neck, and right arm after he came in contact with an English competitor’s contaminated boxing gloves. This case probably is one of the first reported skin infections in athletes. Athletes with viral infections are particularly susceptible to pain, loss of practice time, and disqualification. Of all dermatologic conditions occurring in the athlete, viral infections, specifically herpes simplex infection, are among the most likely to cause morbidity, intense worry, and significant team disruption. In some cases, the virus spreads by skin-to-skin contact, whereas other times the virus is transmitted to the skin from inanimate objects. Even without contact, the athlete may develop recurrent herpes virus infection upon exposure to the elements. Early identification, rapid treatment, and ultimately prevention are essential activities for clinicians in order to decrease disruption in practices and competitions. Epidemics can also be thwarted. This chapter specifically addresses herpes simplex infection occurring in noncontact and contact sports, verrucae (warts), and molluscum contagiosum.